{"id":2126,"date":"2024-02-20T12:06:21","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T12:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lena-writes.com\/?p=2126"},"modified":"2024-02-20T12:43:02","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T12:43:02","slug":"o-proverenim-i-pouzdanim-izvorima-informisanja-o-dvojezicnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lena-writes.com\/sr\/dvojezicna-deca\/o-proverenim-i-pouzdanim-izvorima-informisanja-o-dvojezicnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"O PROVERENIM I POUZDANIM IZVORIMA INFORMISANJA O DVOJEZI\u010cNOSTI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dobrodo\u0161li na moj novi i zvani\u010dno dvojezi\u010dni sajt! Za mene je velika stvar to \u0161to je moj blog o dvojezi\u010dnosti kona\u010dno postao i sam dvojezi\u010dan. Zaista cenim to \u0161to ste ovde!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tekst sa kojim sam planirala da otvorim novu verziju sajta sam napisala odavno, me\u0111utim odlu\u010dila sam da ga objavim naknadno. Pojavila se druga tema o kojoj je bilo hitnije pisati.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160okantan klip<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pre neki dan je instagramom kru\u017eio klip, napravljen, \u010dini se, od ise\u010daka gostovanja u jednom srpskom podkastu. U klipu gost podkasta izjavljuje da \u201ekod bilingvizma o\u010dekuje\u0161 ka\u0161njenje [u progovaranju]<\/em>\u201c, da \u201edolazi do konfuzije<\/em>\u201c i na kraju klipa gost savetuje isklju\u010divanje jednog od jezika sa kojim dete odrasta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nisam znala ko je govornik. Kasnije mi je skrenuta pa\u017enja da se radi o jednom od na\u0161ih \u201enajboljih logopeda i stru\u010dnjaka\u201c. Zbog ovoga sam odlu\u010dila da ve\u0107 napisani tekst treba da sa\u010deka i da je mnogo hitnije napisati drugi tekst i u njemu izneti argumente neslaganja sa tvrdnjama kao i istinu o ovoj temi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ta ka\u017ee literatura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dvojezi\u010dnost ili bilingvalnost, ne uzrokuje ka\u0161njenje\/probleme u govoru. Dvojezi\u010dno dete NIJE podlo\u017enije patologijama u govoru od nekog drugog, jednojezi\u010dnog deteta1<\/a><\/sup>. Ukoliko problem sa govorom postoji, on \u0107e se pokazati odrastalo dete sa \u010detiri, dva ili sa jednim jezikom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stavovi prema bilingvalnosti su se kroz vreme menjali. Raniji stavovi su bili ekstremno negativni. \u010cak se tvrdilo da izaziva \u0161izofreniju. Kasnije istra\u017eivanja su ukazivala na to da su bilingvali kognitivno u prednosti u odnosu na monolingvale. Istra\u017eivanja danas prepoznaju da stvari nisu tako \u201ecrno-bele\u201c. Razlike izme\u0111u monolingvala i bilingvala su \u201eu nijansama\u201c, i zavise od situacije2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kada je re\u010d o prednostima, npr bilingvali poseduju ve\u0161tinu lingvisti\u010dke kontrole<\/em>. Ovo zna\u010di da njihov mozak zna da blokira jezik kojim se u tom trenutku ne slu\u017ei. Zbog ovoga se, izme\u0111u ostalog, ka\u017ee da dvojezi\u010dna deca, lak\u0161e u\u010de novi jezik u odnosu na svoje monolingvalne vr\u0161njake3<\/a><\/sup>. Bilingvali treba \u201esamo\u201c da nau\u010de novi jezik, dok monolingvali treba da nau\u010de novi jezik, plus kako da blokiraju onaj kojim se ne slu\u017ee u datom trenutku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa druge strane, dvojezi\u010dna deca se, sa oba svoja jezika slu\u017ee manje, tako da im je i obim re\u010di u oba jezika manji nego kod monolingvala. Zbog ovoga se oni \u010de\u0161\u0107e na\u0111u u situaciji gde im je re\u010d \u201ena vrh jezika\u201c4<\/a><\/sup> i ne mogu odmah da je se sete. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danas se \u201eza bilingvalnost ka\u017ee da je prednost bez obzira na to da li dete ima problem sa govorom, jezikom, u komunikaciji, ili ima pote\u0161ko\u0107e sa hranjenjem ili gutanjem\u201c5<\/a><\/sup>. Tako\u0111e, ukoliko su \u017eivotni uslovi takvi, ka\u017ee se da vredi raditi na dvojezi\u010dnosti kod dece \u0161to ranije6<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brzina progovaranja kod dece se razlikuje od deteta do deteta i zavisi od okolnosti. Neke od tih okolnosti su kvantitet i kvalitet jezika kojim(a) je dete izlo\u017eeno7<\/a><\/sup>. O \u010dinjenici da dvojezi\u010dna deca nisu zbunjena govori nau\u010dnik, lingvista koji se bavio bilingvalno\u0161\u0107u, Albert Kosta. On jako lepo obja\u0161njava \u0161ta je fonotaktika. Zahvaljuju\u0107i fonotakti\u010dkim pravilima jako mala deca mogu da klasifikuju re\u010di u jedan od jezika koji ih okru\u017euju8<\/a><\/sup>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praksa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Primera radi, na\u0161 dvojezi\u010dni sin je progovorio kasnije od svoje starije bilingvalne sestre. Ona je po\u010dela da progovara sa 18 meseci, a on bli\u017ee 24om mesecu. I jedno i drugo (skoro) od po\u010detka znaju da se mami obra\u0107aju na srpskom a tati na engleskom. Bilingvalna deca nisu zbunjena. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0106erka je tako\u0111e sa 24 meseca skinula pelenu. Sin sada, sa 24 meseca, povremeno sedne na no\u0161u i dok je na njoj, tra\u017ei da mu se \u010dita. Ni\u0161ta vi\u0161e od toga. Deca su razli\u010dita. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obratite se stru\u010dnjaku koji je kvalifikovan i ima iskustva u radu sa dvojezi\u010dnom decom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ukoliko se, me\u0111utim, kao roditelj brinete da va\u0161e dete zaostaje, savet stru\u010dnjaka je da ih kontaktirate, i to \u0161to pre! Ovde je jako bitno navesti da stru\u010dnjak sa kojim odlu\u010dite da radite ima odgovaraju\u0107e kvalifikacije i iskustvo u radu sa dvojezi\u010dnom decom. Nisu svi logopedi stru\u010dnjaci za bilingvalnost. Dvojezi\u010dno dete treba da bude procenjeno na oba svoja jezika, a ne samo na jednom. U slu\u010daju da logoped ne govori drugim jezikom deteta, neophodno je prisustvo prevodioca. Za\u0161to? Kod male dece, kao i kod odraslih, jedan jezik je obi\u010dno dominantniji od drugog i dete treba da ima priliku da poka\u017ee sve \u0161to zna\/ka\u017ee, na oba svoja jezika da bi se stekla kompletna slika9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017ee da se desi da vam kompetentan stru\u010dnjak posavetuje da privremeno koristite samo jedan jezik sa detetom. Na ovo treba gledati kao na privremeni korak ka pobolj\u0161anju jezi\u010dke ili emotivne dobrobiti deteta10<\/a><\/sup>. Kasnije mo\u017ee da se radi na ponovnom uvo\u0111enju isklju\u010denog jezika. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0161to olako davanje ovakvih saveta mo\u017ee biti \u0161tetno<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Savet \u201eizbacite jedan jezik\u201c nikako nije \u0161iroko primenljiv na sve dvojezi\u010dne porodice. Smatram da davanje saveta ovoga tipa kroz medije koji dose\u017eu do \u0161iroke populacije mo\u017ee biti veoma \u0161tetno. Ovakve tvrdnje pla\u0161e roditelje. Posledica je da jezi\u010dki potencijal kako dece tako i celih porodica ostaje nepoznat, neistra\u017een i neiskori\u0161\u0107en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jo\u0161 je \u0161tetnije kada ga daje osoba koja je stru\u010dnjak. Sve ukazuje na to da dvojezi\u010dnost nije oblast gde le\u017ee njegove kompetencije. Na\u017ealost, ovo nije jedini primer gde \u201estru\u010dnjak\u201c savetuje isklju\u010divanje jezika. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isklju\u010divanje jezika, potencijalno mo\u017ee da dovede do ga\u0161enja jezika ljubavi, jezika nasle\u0111a i tradicije, kao i mogu\u0107nosti deteta da sutra komunicira sa najbli\u017eima koji se nalaze u domovini: bakama, dekama i drugim \u010dlanovima porodice. Zatvaraju se vrata njegovoj\/njenoj pripadnosti dvema kulturama i zaista jednom \u0161irem gledanju na svet koje je karakteristi\u010dno za decu koja odrastaju na dva jezika i u dve kulture. Takvu jednu imam pored sebe, i verujte mi, blago je!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moj savet glasi \u201evolite svoju decu na svom jeziku i provodite sa njima kvalitetno vreme na tom jeziku\u201c. Ovo zna\u010di nemojte ih izlagati ekranima i misliti da \u0107e jezik da nau\u010de iz crta\u0107a. Deci je potrebna aktivna izlo\u017eenost jeziku i interakcija sa odraslom osobom da bi jezik procvetao11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I naravno, informi\u0161ete se dodatno iz pouzdanih i proverenih izvora o ovoj temi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pet pouzdanih i proverenih izvora na temu dvojezi\u010dnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U nastavku \u0107u nabrojati pet razli\u010ditih izvora za koje smatram da su odli\u010dna polazna ta\u010dka za one koji (nameravaju da) gaje dvojezi\u010dnu decu. Koristila sam ih da poduprem tvrdnje u ovom tekstu. Sadr\u017ee puno referenci, tako da mogu ukazati na dalju literaturu ako \u017eelite da \u010ditate i slu\u0161ate vi\u0161e. Ako ne, sasvim su dovoljni da steknete pristojnu sliku o tome \u0161ta dvojezi\u010dnost jeste a \u0161ta nije. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 knjige<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. A Parent’s and Teachers’ Guide to Bilingualism, Colin Baker<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ova knjiga je napisana u formi pitanja i odgovora i ne zahteva da je \u010ditate od korice do korice, ve\u0107 da je koristite po potrebi i na na\u010din koji vama odgovara. Podeljena je na celine: porodica; razvoj jezika; problemi; \u010ditanje i pisanje; obrazovanje; i jezik u u\u010dionici. Meni je li\u010dno bila jako korisna pre Klarinog kretanja u englesku \u0161kolu kada sam se pitala kako \u0107e se sna\u0107i sa dva pisma (jer je tada ve\u0107 bila upoznata sa \u0107irilicom). Ne\u0107u pri\u010dati dalje na ovu temu, ve\u0107 \u0107u je ostaviti za neki od slede\u0107ih tekstova na blogu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Bilingual, Life and Reality, Fran\u00e7ois Grosjean<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Jako pitka knjiga, u kojoj sam se upoznala sa terminima bicultural <\/em>(osoba koja pripada dvema kulturama) i biliteral <\/em>(osoba koja je pismena na dva jezika). Puna je referenci, tako da mo\u017ee da vam poslu\u017ei kao inspiracija za dalje \u010ditanje. Ja sam posle nje \u201epotr\u010dala\u201c da pro\u010ditam roman Eve Hofman \u201eIzgubljeno u prevodu\u201c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. The Bilingual Brain, Albert Costa<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Meni je ova knjiga, u kojoj nam Kosta obja\u0161njava kako radi dvojezi\u010dni mozak, verovatno najbolja koju sam do sada pro\u010ditala na temu bilingvalnosti. Stavila sam je na tre\u0107e mesto jer je te\u017ea za \u010ditanje. Napisana je mo\u017eda malo vi\u0161e kao nau\u010dni rad nego kao knjiga koja se \u010dita pred spavanje. Ja sam njome bila fascinirana, tako da sam napisala prikaz knjige<\/a> i u njega stavila sve one informacije koje su na mene ostavile najve\u0107i utisak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podkast<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4. Kletsheads, Sharon Unsworth<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Podkast o dvojezi\u010dnoj deci za roditelje, nastavnike i logopede. \u0160eron je lingvistkinja i mama dvoje bilingvalne dece. U podkastu razgovara sa raznolikim i nadasve kompetentnim gostima o mnogim aspektima dvojezi\u010dnosti i dvojezi\u010dnog vaspitanja. U svakoj epizodi \u0160eron u gostima ima i male bilingvale. Divno je \u010duti kako oni gledaju na svoju dvojezi\u010dnost. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilten<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

5. Motherlingual, Malwina Gudowska<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ako, kao i ja, volite dvojezi\u010dnost ali vas interesuje i emotivna strana vaspitavanja dece sa dva jezika (u zemlji koja nije va\u0161a) onda je ovaj bilten ba\u0161 za vas. Malvina je lingvistkinja i mama dva dvojezi\u010dna deteta koja odrastaju u Londonu. Dok \u010ditam ono \u0161to ona pi\u0161e, imam ose\u0107aj da me razume, da razume ono kroz \u0161ta prolazim i da nisam sama. A to, verujte, u mnogoljudnome gradu kao \u0161to je London, gde paradoksalno \u010de\u0161\u0107e sre\u0107ete ose\u0107aj usamljenosti nego svoje prijatelje, nije mala stvar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da zaklju\u010dim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nadam se da sam onima koji su \u017eeleli doma\u0107i zadatak dala dovoljno da budu mirni za neki naredni period. Postizanje i odr\u017eavanje dvojezi\u010dnosti kod dece je predivna ali istovremeno i prete\u0161ka misija – verovatno ste ovu tvrdnju ve\u0107 videli u nekom od mojih tekstova. Uspe\u0161no odgajanje dvojezi\u010dne dece je neverovatno plemenit podvig koji nagra\u0111uje predivnim rezultatima. Informi\u0161ite se iz pravih izvora i poku\u0161ajte da u\u017eivajte u ovom dugoro\u010dnom procesu!<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. Unsworth, Sh. (2021),\u00a0Kletsheads, All about bilingual children<\/em>\u00a0[Podcast] [Season 1, Episode 3]\u00a011 January 2021<\/em>, How do you know if a bilingual child has a language delay? (Guest: Dr Sean Perth), Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/kletsheadspodcast.org\/2021\/01\/11\/how-do-you-know-if-a-bilingual-child-has-a-language-delay-season-1-episode-3\/<\/a>\u00a0Accessed: 30 Jan 2024.\u00a0 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. Grosjean, F. (2012),\u00a0Bilingual, Life and Reality,\u00a0<\/em>Harvard University Press, 1st Edition, p. 218 – 228.\u00a0 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 50, 81. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 67 – 72. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  5. Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (2024) Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rcslt.org\/speech-and-language-therapy\/clinical-information\/bilingualism\/<\/a>\u00a0(Accessed: 2 February 2024.) \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  6. Baker, C. (2014), A Parents\u2019 and Teachers\u2019 Guide to Bilingualism, 4th<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Multilingualism Matters, p. 47. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  7. Baker, C. (2014), A Parents\u2019 and Teachers\u2019 Guide to Bilingualism, 4th<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Multilingualism Matters, p. 48.\u00a0 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  8. Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 5 – 7. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  9. Unsworth, Sh. (2021),\u00a0Kletsheads, All about bilingual children<\/em>\u00a0[Podcast] [Season 1, Episode 3]\u00a011 January 2021<\/em>, How do you know if a bilingual child has a language delay? (Guest: Dr Sean Perth), Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/kletsheadspodcast.org\/2021\/01\/11\/how-do-you-know-if-a-bilingual-child-has-a-language-delay-season-1-episode-3\/<\/a>\u00a0Accessed: 30 Jan 2024. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  10. Baker, C. (2014), A Parents\u2019 and Teachers\u2019 Guide to Bilingualism, 4th<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Multilingualism Matters, p. 111. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  11. Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 26. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dobrodo\u0161li na moj novi i zvani\u010dno dvojezi\u010dni sajt! Za mene je velika stvar to \u0161to je moj blog o dvojezi\u010dnosti kona\u010dno postao i sam dvojezi\u010dan. Zaista cenim to \u0161to ste ovde! Tekst sa kojim sam planirala da otvorim novu verziju sajta sam napisala odavno, me\u0111utim odlu\u010dila sam da ga objavim naknadno. Pojavila se druga tema […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Unsworth, Sh. (2021),\u00a0Kletsheads, All about bilingual children<\/em>\u00a0[Podcast] [Season 1, Episode 3]\u00a011 January 2021<\/em>, How do you know if a bilingual child has a language delay? (Guest: Dr Sean Perth), Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/kletsheadspodcast.org\/2021\/01\/11\/how-do-you-know-if-a-bilingual-child-has-a-language-delay-season-1-episode-3\/<\/a>\u00a0Accessed: 30 Jan 2024.\u00a0\",\"id\":\"75cf12bc-03ac-4a9c-9dd8-7e4548eae832\"},{\"content\":\"Grosjean, F. (2012),\u00a0Bilingual, Life and Reality,\u00a0<\/em>Harvard University Press, 1st Edition, p. 218 - 228.\u00a0\",\"id\":\"cce794bb-d862-4902-98ad-ab58e164cf23\"},{\"content\":\"Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 50, 81.\",\"id\":\"75026f2b-9fa7-4152-b6f0-e9a0a894ec7a\"},{\"content\":\"Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 67 - 72.\",\"id\":\"bdee411f-5932-44f9-a4b2-74c3a3de5b10\"},{\"content\":\"Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (2024) Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rcslt.org\/speech-and-language-therapy\/clinical-information\/bilingualism\/<\/a>\u00a0(Accessed: 2 February 2024.)\",\"id\":\"f44ce980-614d-4e1a-b82e-9ae4ecd45f14\"},{\"content\":\"Baker, C. (2014), A Parents\u2019 and Teachers\u2019 Guide to Bilingualism, 4th<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Multilingualism Matters, p. 47.\",\"id\":\"cfa854a1-6c15-4139-9e87-5d62b8defbc8\"},{\"content\":\"Baker, C. (2014), A Parents\u2019 and Teachers\u2019 Guide to Bilingualism, 4th<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Multilingualism Matters, p. 48.\u00a0\",\"id\":\"c7772cd0-6233-40e1-ac2c-3ec4466faffb\"},{\"content\":\"Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 5 - 7.\",\"id\":\"888f9e06-5511-44c6-a066-19d85256aec9\"},{\"content\":\"Unsworth, Sh. (2021),\u00a0Kletsheads, All about bilingual children<\/em>\u00a0[Podcast] [Season 1, Episode 3]\u00a011 January 2021<\/em>, How do you know if a bilingual child has a language delay? (Guest: Dr Sean Perth), Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/kletsheadspodcast.org\/2021\/01\/11\/how-do-you-know-if-a-bilingual-child-has-a-language-delay-season-1-episode-3\/<\/a>\u00a0Accessed: 30 Jan 2024.\",\"id\":\"d204547e-6912-48af-a494-ea398ff6ff73\"},{\"content\":\"Baker, C. (2014), A Parents\u2019 and Teachers\u2019 Guide to Bilingualism, 4th<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Multilingualism Matters, p. 111.\",\"id\":\"16fd7c93-b59e-4679-83c0-99f707d0d053\"},{\"content\":\"Costa, A. (2021).\u00a0The Bilingual Brain<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0edition, Penguin Books, p. 26.\",\"id\":\"2815efb3-c856-4bf7-8c49-a81a8ac97141\"}]"},"categories":[399],"tags":[469,471,472,470,426,424,429],"class_list":{"0":"post-2126","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dvojezicna-deca","8":"tag-bilingual-sr","9":"tag-dvojezicna-deca-sr-2","10":"tag-dvojezicna-porodica-sr-2","11":"tag-dvojezicno-dete-sr-2","12":"tag-dvojezicno-roditeljstvo","13":"tag-dvojezicnost","14":"tag-preporuka-knjige"},"yoast_head":"\nO PROVERENIM I POUZDANIM IZVORIMA INFORMISANJA O DVOJEZI\u010cNOSTI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lena pi\u0161e o va\u017enosti informisanja o dvojezi\u010dnosti iz pravih i pouzdanih izvora. 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